Which inflammatory disease specifically affects the central nervous system (CNS)?

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the inflammatory disease that specifically targets the central nervous system (CNS). In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers, leading to communication issues between the brain and the rest of the body. This disruption can result in a wide range of neurological symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems.

The condition is characterized by the formation of scar tissue (sclerosis) and can lead to progressive neurological decline and disability as the disease advances. Its symptoms may vary greatly depending on the location and extent of the nerve damage, which is indicative of its specific effect on the CNS.

In contrast, Parkinson's disease primarily affects movement and is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, while fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread pain and does not directly involve CNS inflammation. Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration, which mainly affects the skeletal muscles and does not primarily impact the CNS either. Therefore, Multiple Sclerosis stands out as the correct answer due to its direct involvement with the central nervous system and the mechanism of inflammation affecting it.